4 0
The Trouble With Manila and Bangkok 6 6 - - - - - - - - . - . - 0 . - . - 0 .
ABSTRACT : Perhaps democratic freedoms -- including the right to remove unpopular governments -- are just one part of the complex process of development in countries like Thailand and the Philippines. Though there are important differences, a common feature of the Thai and Philippine experiences is disillusionment with the outcome of democratic processes in a cultural environment that includes a high level of corruption. Two key messages emerge from Thailand's and the Philippines' recent experiences. Democracy and elections are no panacea. They are part of the process of economic and political development. But, in the absence of accompanying reforms, they do not guarantee it. Secondly, popular grievances need to be solved through substantive policy changes that deliver broad-based development, address the causes of socioeconomic exclusion, and introduce institutional change, including a clean and responsive bureaucracy.
5
5
2 = =
2
2 --0------
6 --0-- 2 --------
0 2 --
--20------
Political behavior; Demonstrations & protests; Corruption in government; Democracy ----------
--------20--
----2
/ 2
/ 2
/
/
The Trouble With Manila and Bangkok 6 6 - - - - - - - - . - . - 0 . - . - 0 .
ABSTRACT : Perhaps democratic freedoms -- including the right to remove unpopular governments -- are just one part of the complex process of development in countries like Thailand and the Philippines. Though there are important differences, a common feature of the Thai and Philippine experiences is disillusionment with the outcome of democratic processes in a cultural environment that includes a high level of corruption. Two key messages emerge from Thailand's and the Philippines' recent experiences. Democracy and elections are no panacea. They are part of the process of economic and political development. But, in the absence of accompanying reforms, they do not guarantee it. Secondly, popular grievances need to be solved through substantive policy changes that deliver broad-based development, address the causes of socioeconomic exclusion, and introduce institutional change, including a clean and responsive bureaucracy.
5
5
2 = =
2
2 --0------
6 --0-- 2 --------
0 2 --
--20------
Political behavior; Demonstrations & protests; Corruption in government; Democracy ----------
--------20--
----2
/ 2
/ 2
/
/