IoT enabled water tank monitoring for sustainable tilapia farming program using recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

ABSTRACT: The goal of the study is to accomplish a Recirculating System (RAS) in a small-scale water tank setup for sustainable backyard/indoor fish farming for Nile tilapia fingerlings with alignment to Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system improved water usage through filtration and reuse, maintaining ideal conditions for tilapia fingerlings. Several IoT components were used including MQ-135 Gas sensor for ammonia detection, DS18B20 Temperature sensor and PH-4502C Liquid PH-Sensor for monitoring. Also, the study featured automatic heating, cooling and aeration systems, and an automated feeding using DS1307 Real-Time Clock and servo motor. Early warning signs have been developed for real-time weather forecasting through the help of Open Weather API. These technologies work together to maintain optimal water conditions, ensure consistent feeding and adapt to weather changes, enhancing fish health and growth while conserving water. The implementation of this IoT-enhanced RAS addresses several critical challenges in small-scale aquaculture. By creating a closed-loop system, water usage reduced by approximately 90-95% compared to traditional flow-through systems, making fish farming viable in water-scarce regions. The automated monitoring system continuously tracks key water parameters (temperature, pH, ammonia levels) and triggers appropriate responses when values deviate from optimal ranges (26-300C for temperature, 6.5-8.0 for pH, and <0.05 ppm for ammonia). This reduces the risk of sudden mortality due to poor water quality while minimizing the need for constant human supervision. Furthermore, the system integrates real-time data analytics, allowing farmers to make informed decisions and optimize fish growth conditions efficiently. The use of IoT connectivity enables remote monitoring and control, ensuring timely interventions even when farmers are off-site

Filipiniana