Lopez, Janine C.; Morales, Rosemarie M.; Nuque, Nikko James C.; Puertollano, Pamela Denise T.; Rivas, Eloisa A.; Su-ay, Kimberly N. and Tumara, Janine G., 4 0 2014
A Study on the Effect of Credit Granting Factors to the Profitability of Selected Thrift Banks / 6
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Lopez, Janine C.; Morales, Rosemarie M.; Nuque, Nikko James C.; Puertollano, Pamela Denise T.; Rivas, Eloisa A.; Su-ay, Kimberly N. and Tumara, Janine G.
- 2014
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- 103 pp. 28 cm.
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Undergraduate Thesis: (BSBA major in Finance and Treasury Management) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2014.
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ABSTRACT: Statement of the Problem-This study determined the effects of credit granting performance on the profitability of the selected thrift banks. Specifically it will answer the following questions. 1. How significant are the following criteria in the credit granting decisions in approving borrower's loan application. a. Purpose loan b. Amount to loan c. Cs of Credit i. Character ii. Capital iii. Collateral iv. Capacity v. Condition 2. What is the degree of restrictiveness on the selection of borrowers by means of the following bases of credit granting? a. Purpose of loan b. Amount to loan c. Cs of Credit i. Character ii. Capital iii. Collateral iv. Capacity v. Condition 3. What is the credit granting performance of the selected thrift banks in terms of the following? a. Ratio of approved loan application to total filed b. Ratio of total loan to deposits c. Ratio of non-performing loan to total loans 4. What is the level of profitability of the selected thrift banks with regards to the following indicators. a. Return on Asst b. Return on Equity c. Equity Multiplier 5. Is there a significant relation between the credit granting performance and profitability of selected thrift banks in terms of the following? a. Ratio of approved loan application to total filed. b. Ratio of total loans to deposits c. Ratio of non-performing loans to total loans. 6. What is the profitability ratio vs. the industry average of the selected thrift banks with regards to the following? a. Return on Asset b. Return on Equity 7. Is there a significant difference between the profitability ratio of selected thrift banks and industry average with regards to the following? a. Return on Asset b. Return of Equity Hypotheses of the Study: At 0.05 level of significance, the following hypotheses were tested: 1. There is no significant relationship between the credit granting performance and profitability of selected thrift banks in terms of the following: a. Ratio of approved loan application to total filed. b. Ratio of total loans to deposits. c. Ratio of non-performing loans to total loans. 2. There is no significant difference between the profitability ratio of selected thrift banks and industry average with regards of the following: a. Return on Asset b. Return on Equity Research Design This study focused on the profitability of selected thrift banks in relation to the number of loans granted to applicants. The research approach is qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, and casual. Determination of Sample Size There are twelve (12) respondents from Philippine Saving Bank, one (1) Vice President in Accounting services, four (4) head managers and nine (9) rank and file positions; 17 respondents from CityState Savings Bank, four (4) head managers and thirteen (13) rank and file positions; and 13 respondents from the United Coconut Planters Bank, (4) head managers and nine (9) rank and file positions with a total of 42 respondents. The researchers chose thrift banks among the other financial institutions as the target respondents for the study since thrift banking industry sustained its profitability growth by focusing in credit lending activities as the boost bottom and improvement efficiency of its profitability ratios than any other financial activities practiced by other banks in the financial industry. Population Size: N = 12 + 13 + 27 N = 42 Sampling Design and Technique Convenience Sampling Technique was used by the researchers. Three banks were identified as respondents basing from the entertained questionnaires which information were applicable to the study. The researchers used the potential participants and use the number of employees working in the credit department as the number of respondent's size in the study, based on their capacity in granting loans in a number of prospective customers in their bank. The Subjects Philippine Savings Bank, United Coconut Planters Bank and Citystate Savings Bank were the willing and available respondents of the study. Information was gathered from the Credit Department of each bank. The Credit Department in each bank consists of Department Heads and Rank and File employees. The Research Instrument In this study the respondents were the primary data collection instrument because the data from the potential participants as to the context of the research problem were acquired through a request of a survey questionnaire. The participants were not guided by the researchers prior knowledge of the study, but by their own experience. The annual reports of the 3 selected thrift banks were used as the sources for secondary data. The secondary source provides a broad background and readily improves the researchers learning curve on the exact location of the possible respondents in the study. Validation of the Research Instrument Annual reports of the selected thrift banks are used by researchers as the secondary data because of its availability online. It is also significant as are liable source because these reports are already audited. Addition to it, the survey questionnaire were already edited by the researcher's adviser, Prof. Ragciel Manalo and the 3 panels in the defense. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers used the survey method to identify the different factors that each of the participants consider in granting loans to its customers concerning the research which prevents information bias and thus increasing credibility regarding the information. Possible participants were selected after the researchers selected participants according to the list in the BSP. The researchers requested for a copy of documentation to be attached in this study for purpose of evidence and verification from the source of the data. The research study was explained to the three (3) participants who were on the list of thrift banks across Metro Manila. The researchers distributed survey questionnaires to the selected thrift banks focusing on the information concerning the different factors that their credit management policy considers on granting loans to its clients. Data Processing Method This study was conducted in two phases and the methodology used in each phase will be discussed separately. Data in Phase 1 were collected using a qualitative approach. The selected thrift banks were given survey questionnaires to be filled in by the employees working in the Credit Department. The provided questionnaires include the knowledge of each respondent pertinent to the regulations their bank exercises which the researchers will consider as one of the factors that may affect the total number of approved loan applications of the bank. In Phase 2, a quantitative approach was used. Survey questionnaires were given directly to the selected thrift banks in Metro Manila. The provided questionnaires will assess the different factors they consider in their credit management policy on gauging the granting and monitoring of loans to its clients that will help guide the focus of this study. By using accurately both the qualitative and quantitative approaches in the process of methodology, it can be guaranteed that this study is clarified through acquiring the facts and other necessary information on the subject matter of the research. Statistical Treatment In testing the hypothesis, the researchers used three Chi-Square Test of Independence for ratio of approved loan applications to total filed, ratio of total loans to deposits, and ratio of non-performing loans to total loans. The rate of the effect of credit granting performance of the profitability level is compared with different values for each of the thrift banks. Findings: 1. Most of the respondents find that the amount and purpose of the loan highly significant in making lending decisions; the same applies on how they see the 5 C's of credit. 2. The banks take a stringent position when it comes to assessing amount and purpose of loans, they are also strict when assessing the 5 c of credit. 3. Majority of the respondents estimated that the ration of approved loan applications over total number of filed loan application was 51-55 percent. Majority of the respondents estimated that the ratio of total amount lent over accumulated deposits subject for lending was 56-60 percent. All of the respondents estimated that the ration of nonperforming loans over total amount lent was 6-10 percent. 4. The following are the computed Return on Asset, Return on Equity and Equity Multiplier of the Selected Thrift Banks based on their financial statements: RoA-PS Bank has 2.25%, UCPB has 1.28% and 0.21% for Citystate. For RoE-18% for PS Bank, 18.27% for UCPB and 0.67 for Citystate. And for the EM-8 for PS Bank, 14.3 for UCPB and 3.18 for Citystate. 5. When we were testing the hypothesis, results shows: a. Ratio of Approved Applications to total Filed; a computed X2 of 41.853 is greater than the critical x2 of 15.507 at 0.05 significant value. b. Ratio of Total Loans to Deposits; a computed x2 of 17.018 is greater than the critical x2 of 15.507 at 0.05 significant value. c. Ratio of Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans; a computed x2 of 14.795 is less than the critical x2 of 15.507 at 0.05 significant value. 6. The following are the industry average for each selected profitability ratios: 1.5% for RoA, 13.1% for RoE and 8.49 for EM. 7. Comparing data gathered against the industry standard of 1.5% for RoA; 13.1% for RoE, it shows that PSBank'sRoA and RoE is higher than the industry average. UCPB's RoA is higher than the industry average while it's RoE is lower than that of the industry average. CityState Savings Bank's RoA and RoE is lower than the industry average. Conclusions: The researcher concluded that a bank having a stringent credit policy would produce an average or lower granting performances which are the number of approved loan over filed loans,