Angela Claudine C. Gaudia, Joshua P. Brozoto, Edrianne Carvin V. Caronan, Charlotte Marie S. Gimena.  4  0   <br/><br/>
Biosorption of Cr(VI), Mn(II), and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions using dalandan (citrus aurantium).        6 
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<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis : (Bachelor of Science in Chemistry) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2024. 
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<br/><br/> ABSTRACT:  The combined forces of industrial and natural activities have inevitably led to the increasing levels of heavy metals in bodies of water, thereby potentially exposing humans to its toxicity. In this study, dalandan (Citrus aurantium) peels were used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI), Mn(II), and Fe(II) ions in aqueous solutions. Participation of hydroxyl groups on the biosorbent's surface during the adsorption process was confirmed in the FTIR spectrum of the peels before and after adsorption. Optimal adsorption conditions were obtained by successively varying the pH, biosorbent dosage, and contact time. Using One-way ANOVA as a statistical treatment, it was found that the optimal conditions for the adsorption of Cr(VI) are at pH 3, 0.50 g biosorbent dosage, and 5 min contact time. A pH of 4, a biosorbent dosage of 1.00 g, and a contact time of 5 min optimized the adsorption of Mn(II). Lastly, the results for Fe(II) parallel those of Cr(VI) except that its optimal contact time  is 30 min. Adsorption of Cr(VI), Mn(II), and Fe(II) using dalandan peels fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model. On the other hand, only Mn(II) deviated in terms of isotherm modelling where its adsorption was better descriobed by the Lang,uir isotherm model, unlike Cr(VI) and Fe(II) which was best described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Therefore, the adsorption process of Cr(VI) and Fe(II) on dalandan peels was mainly multilayer chemisorption while the results for Mn(II) adsorption suggested the formation of monolayer of adsobate on the biosorbent surface. The performance of the agricultural waste, dalandan peels, for the removal of Cr(VI), Mn(II), and Fe(II) in auqous solutions demonstrated its potential as a low-cost yet effective biosorbent.       
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