Jenina A. Romulo, Danica Mae A. Manaig, Carl Gabriel D. Olazo, Clarice Ahne R. Sumayao.  4  0   <br/><br/>
Adsorption of selected azo dyes using nipa palm fruit (nypa fruticans) shell-derived activated carbon viaa H2SO4 chemical activation.        6 
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<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis :(Bachelor of Science in Chemistry) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2024. 
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<br/><br/> ABSTRACT:  The nipa palm fruit shell-derived activated carbon (NPFSAC) was chemically activated using sulphuric acid, with an impregnation ratio of 1:1 under 5000C for 2 hours. A percentage yield of 42.74% was achieved. The surface area and pore volume were assessed through methylene blue number and iodine number, giving a result of 235.86 mg/g and 966.78 mg/g, respectively. There was an agreement between the values as both describe a microporous structure.  Surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the result showed that a porous structure was formed on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was able to distinguish the functional groups present such as hydroxyl O-H stretch (3401.08 cm-1), aromatic C=C carbon (1598.57 cm-1), and aliphatic C-H stretch (2920.00 cm-1). The characterization techniques were able to rationalize the physicochemical properties of the NPFSAC produced. The best-fitting isotherm models were identified b y a high coefficient of determination (R2). Furthermore, isotherm constants were also distinguish. The adsorption of Eriochrome Black T and methyl orange were best described by the Temkin model with R2= 0.0921 and the Redlich-Peterson model with r2 = 0.9266, respectively. Congo red and methyl red were best fitted in the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.9769 and 0.9608, respectively. Lastly, the kinetic model was determined by high R2 as wekk. In addition, kinetic model constants were determined. Both the adsorption of methyl orange and methyl orange and methyl red were best explained by pseudo-second-order reaction with R2  values of 0.9911 and 0.9997, respectively. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Congo red and Eriochrome Black T were best interpreted by Elovich (R2 = 0.8927) and pseudo-first-order models (R2 = 0.9395), respectively.       
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