Aguila, Nicole Alexandra C., Banogon, Jhon Dale A., Bayocot, Jamie Izzavelle D., Lamanilao, Nesmedeth Marjoe S., Mones, Jazzmine Rose M.  4  0   <br/><br/>
Community structure of sponges (Phylum Porifera) in the intertidal and upper subtidal zones of Barangay Makawayan, Tingloy, Batangas        6 
       6     
Aguila, Nicole Alexandra C., Banogon, Jhon Dale A., Bayocot, Jamie Izzavelle D., Lamanilao, Nesmedeth Marjoe S., Mones, Jazzmine Rose M. 
 -   
 -     
 - 176 pages         
 -   
 -   
 - 
 - 
 -         .
 -     .
 -          0   .
 -         .
 -  0       .
<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis: (Bachelor of Science in Biology) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2024 
<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>      
<br/><br/>   5 
<br/><br/>      
<br/><br/> ABSTRACT:           Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are overlooked in terms of biodiversity research in the Philippines. To address this, the researchers conducted a study assessing the community structure of sponges in the intertidal to upper subtidal of Barangay Makawayan, Tingloy, Batangas which identified the sponge genera present and calculated the ecological indices. Physicochemical parameters were also analyzed to correlate with ecological indices. Sponges were identified using in situ photography, spicule, and section microscopy. Spicules were used for Subclass Heteroscleromorpha while sections were used for the aspicuar Subclass Keratosa. Frequency of occurrence, population density, species richness, species evenness, species dominance, and diversity were evaluated. Water parameters were correlated with ecological parameters via Pearson r correlation. A total of twenty-seven (27) sponge species divided into sixteen (16) genera with two (2) undetermined were identified in the intertidal and upper subtidal zone of the sampling area. Three (3) species dominate depending on the sampling station, namely Neopetrosia sp. 1, Callyspongia samarensis, and Haliclona sp. 2. In deeper waters, Phyllospongia foliacescens was the dominant species. With regards to the ecological indices, MSP5 exhibited highest species diversity and evenness.. In contrast, MSP6 showed highest species dominance, and lowest diversity and evenness. Greatest species richness and density was recorded in MSP3. Haliclona sp. 2 had the highest frequency, found in MSP4. Significant correlations were found between the ecological indices and physicochemical parameters (pH, TOC, TSS and calcium).       
<br/><br/>      
<br/><br/><br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> 
<br/><br/><br/>5     
<br/><br/><br/> <br/>   
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>  
<br/><br/><label>ISSN: </label>2 
 =   
 =   
<br/><br/><label>Standard No.: </label>        
<br/><br/><label>Publisher. No.: </label>  
<br/><br/><label>Source: </label>        
<br/><br/><label>LCCN: </label>
<br/><br/><label>Nat. Bib. No.: </label> 2 
<br/><br/><label>Nat. Bib. Agency Control No.: </label>    
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Personal Names: </label><br/>     2     --0------
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Corporate Names: </label><br/>     6 --0-- 2 --------
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Meeting Names: </label><br/><br/> 0    2 --
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Uniform Titles: </label><br/>  --20------
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Chronological Terms: </label><br/> 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>    --------20--
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Geographic Terms: </label><br/>--------20--
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Genre/Form: </label><br/>----2
<br/><br/><label>LC Class. No.: </label> / 2 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label> / 2 
<br/><br/><label>National Agricultural Library Call No.: </label> /  
<br/><br/><label>National Library of Medicine Call No.: </label> /  
<br/><br/><label>Gov. Doc. Class. No.: </label>