Reine Jewel I. Adorna, Genelle Marie G. Aleganza, Jamella Joi R. Balondo, Charles Albert D. Javier, Jeanne Clarenze V. Sigua  4  0   <br/><br/>
Detection of bacillus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species on electronic nicotine delivery system cartridge of PLM College of Science Students and odds of sharing as mode of bacterial transfer to oral flora        6 
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<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis: (BS in Biology major in Medical Biology) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2024 
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<br/><br/> ABSTARCT:  The prevalence of vape usage has risen significantly in the Philippines, prompting concerns regarding public health. This quantitative study aimed to detect Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species on ENDS cartridges among PLM College of Science students. Swab samples from vaping cartridges and oral cavities underwent macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical analyses for bacterial identification. Moreover, correlation design and quota sampling were employed with a sample size of 105 participants. The research investigated bacterial growth differences between sharing and non-sharing vape users, assessing statistical significance using chi-square and Fisher's exact probability tests with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The study confirmed the presence of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus species in vape cartridges and oral swabs of PLM College of Science students. Viridans streptococci was the predominant bacteria, accounting for 61.90% of the presence in the oral swab samples. As for the vape cartridge samples, Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest ratio of 63.81% over the total number of participants. However, it was determined that no significant association was found between the presence of bacteria in vape cartridges and oral swabs in the other bacterial species mentioned in this study apart from the most common bacteria among the samples. The odds ratio indicated that Staphylococcus epidermidis had higher transmission odds based on vape-sharing status. This research investigates the link between vape-sharing and bacterial contamination, evaluating their potential pathogenicity, and provides updated information with important implications for public health policies in the Philippines.  Keywords: Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS), vape, bacteria, oral swab, cartridge swab, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus       
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