Lopez, Beatrice Nicole S. Lopez, Jose Rafael L. Magraimbao, Jean Juliah  Sosa, Dayne Mickaela T. Tolentino, Erold John D.  4  0   <br/><br/>
Effects of Pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) Pulp Ethanolic Extract on the Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and Oxygen Saturation Levels of Exercise-Induced Anemic Hypoxia in Male Sprague Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)        6 
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<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis: (Bachelor of Science in Biology) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2023 
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<br/><br/> ABSTRACT:  The amount of oxygen in the body's tissues is determined by the amount of oxygen delivered in each breath, the number of red blood cells, and the hemoglobin it contains. Anemic hypoxia occurs when the body's hematocrit, hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation levels are insufficient, potentially causing organ damage and even death. A possible remedy to address exercise induced anemic hypoxia is the administration of plant materials known to  active phytochemical  together in fighting  against the deleterious effects of anemic hypoxia. Secondary  metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and terpenes are all found in pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) pulp. In this study, anemic hypoxia was induced to male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats through intense swimming.  After inducing the condition, 50%, 70%, and 96% pili pulp ethanolic extract were  through oral  parameters, specifically  hematocrit, and oxygen saturation levels, of male SD rats were evaluated using CBC test and pulse oximeter after 10 minutes of absorption time. The 50% pili pulp ethanolic extract was found to be capable of increasing the parameters by 16.2 g/L, 2.71%, and 9.6%, while the 70% pili pulp ethanolic extract increased the parameters by 16.4 g/L, 3.11%, and 1.4%, respectively. Lastly, the 96% pili pulp ethanolic increased the parameters by 22.6 g/L, 5.11%, and 29.8%, which means that it showed the greatest activity in raising the parameters and the resulting values were also significant in relation to the hypoxia reference values, making it a potential remedy for anemic hypoxia.  Keywords:  Anemic hypoxia, Canarium ovatum, Ethanolic extract, Sprague Dawley, Swimming       
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