Sarah Joy M. Lavapie.  4  0   <br/><br/>
The evolution of the mandarasals in Quiapo: an enthnography of cultural studies /        6 
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Sarah Joy M. Lavapie, Rossel S. Riva, Angela S. Santos. 
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<br/><br/>   Undergraduate Thesis: (Bachelor in Mass Communication) -  Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2012. 
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<br/><br/> ABSTRACT:  	The Philippines is known as one of the most religious country in Asia since this country is composed of 73% Christian, wherein 83% of the Christian are Catholics. Filipinos are also known to be believer and with this, praying can be constituted. The Mandarasals in Quiapo, a single-unit group of middle-aged women do the intercessory act of praying. They are recognized since the Spanish colonization.  	There had not been any written accounts when it comes to the practice of the Mandarasals in Quiapo. This study was then conducted in order to find out how the Mandarasals evolved through the years of its existence and how it reflects religious Filipino culture. Specifically, this research aimed to recognize the materials and the languages that the Mandarasals used then and now. The presence of the Mandarasals in different films was also identified. To gather the needed information that will supplement this study, an observation of the Mandarasals in Quaipo for almost a month was done. Interview with the Mandarasals, clients and experts who can help in the advancement of this study was also conducted by the researchers. The transcription of interviews was also completed in order to analyze all the data gathered.  	The results showed that the Mandarasals in Quiapo evolved through the years. During the past decades, the Mandarasals wore kimono of the Black Nazarene, which is a maroon-colored dress with a yellow-braided belt and a scapular was always attach to them as part of their costume. They also used veil as they do the practice of praying with their clients. As for the present Mandarasals, they only wear casual clothes as what the regular church goers wear. The rosary and prayer booklets were used then and now. Moreover, fan and plastic stool were also used then and now.  	In genera;, the researchers conclude that the proposed study is accurate, flexible and efficient since they have achieved their objectives in this study. The symbols that are attributed to the Mandarasals represent the religiosity of the Filipinos and with this study conducted; indeed, the Filipinos are true religious people. The Mandarasals had evolved as the time goes by.       
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