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_aEstrada, Gladys.
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_aDevelopment and validation of Peace-Related Educational Scale (PRES) for private higher institutions /
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_cGladys M. Estrada.
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_axii, 187 pages :
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_aThesis (PhD) -- Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2014.;A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Arts, Science and Education, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Doctor of Education in Educational Administration.;Includes bibliographical references.
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_aThis study was aimed to develop and validate Peace-Related Educational Scale (PRES) for private higher educational institutions. Inspired by UNESCO's fourth pillar of education learning to live together in peace and harmony, the PRES is designed to provide stakeholders of education specifically the educators, administrators and even parents with a measuring device in assessing practices and/or attitudes needed in building zones of peace in schools, homes, and communities. It primary aimed to produce a set of peace-related educational values with acceptable psychometric properties capable of assessing practices and / or attitudes in peace building. Sequential mixed methods were employed in the development and validation of the PRES. Content analysis of the gathered respondents' extrinsic and intrinsic views on peace paved the way for the initial pool of items. These items were subjected to face and content validations by the experts which later pilot tested to three hundred seventy respondents. Exploratory factor analysis using SPSS version 20 with the use of principal axis factoring, investigation of scree plots and direct oblimin rotation method were employed. A Five-factor solution model with sixteen (16) items was extracted from the analyses that yielded a high relevance and around 50% total variance explained. The Five-factor solution model with sixteen items was tested for further investigation using another set of four hundred twenty respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 7.0; the use of multiple fit indices and Cronbach alpha coefficient were employed to verify its veracity. Results showed that there exist significant correlations between and among the identified factors. As such, the 16-item PRES is a valid and a reliable peace-related scale helpful in building a culture of peace in the educational arena. It communicates the peace-related values of positive self-esteem, spiritual well-being, inter-personal relationship, social responsibility and respect for diversities.
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