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_aMariano, Rico Antonio S.
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_aPotential of grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. in the phytoremediation of heavy metals found in Las Piñas-Parañaque critical habitat and ecotourism area (LPPCHEA) :
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_bbasis for environmental information program /
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_cRico Antonio S. Mariano.
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_aThesis (M.A.)-- Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2016.;A thesis presented to the faculty of College of Education Graduate Program Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Education major in Biological Sciences.
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_aABSTRACT: Seven heavy metals namely, Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Chromium and Mercury were analyzed in the following samples, sand, soil, sediment, sea water, roots, and leaves of mangrove Avicennia marina found in Las Piñas-Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The samples were gathered in two sampling sites in Freedom Island located within the political jurisdiction of Parañaque City. Results showed that LPPCHEA is experiencing heavy metal contamination because of domestic as well as human wastes and exhaust from vehicles passing along the busy Coastal Road as well as from gasoline discharged in the water by the different bancas plying the route located very near the seafood market and trading post. It has also become as a catchment area of the different wastes coming from the City of Manila and Cavite province that are trapped along the beach of LPPCHEA and in the mangrove forest. Based on the results of AAS, the distributions of the different heavy metals in all of the samples are as follows: Cu: Leaves>Roots>Roots>Sand>Sediment>Sea water; Cr (hexavalent): Sand>Soil>Sediment>Leaves and Roots>Sea water; Zn: Soil>Sediment>Sand>Leaves>Roots>Sea water; Cd: Leaves>Roots>Soil>Sediment>Sea Water> Sand; Pb: Leaves>Soil>Roots>Sand>Sediment>Sea water; Hg: Sediment>Sand>Soil>Roots and Leaves> Sea Water; and Ni: :Leaves>Roots>Soil>Sediment>Sand>Sea Water. Significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals among the samples is found on the following: Concentration of all heavy metals in all of the samples; Sea water and beach sand; Sea water and soil; Sea water and roots; Sea water and leaves; Sea water and sediments; and Roots and leaves. Furthermore, no significant difference in the concentration of gravy metals among the samples is found on the following: Sediment and beach sand; Sediment and Soil; Sediment and roots; Sediment and leaves; Beach sand and soil; Beach sand and roots; Beach sand and leaves; Soil and roots; Soil and leaves. To determine the phytoremediating potentials of A. marina in the selected heavy metals, the biological methods: BAC (for accumulation), BTC (for translocation) and BCF (for stabilization) values were determined. Values greater than 1 is said to exhibit potential with respect to phytoremediation: BAC: Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb>Hg>Zn>Cr; BTC Cu>Ni>Cd>Ni>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cr and Hg; and BCF: Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb>Hg>Zn>Cr The values of Cu, Ni and Cd attributed to the biological methods showed that A, marina has the potential to phytoremediate these heavy metals. The mangrove has also the potential to phytoremediate Pb. It is also has a good potential to translocate Zn but it has little potential to accumulate and stabilize this metal. A. marina shows very little potential to phytoremediate Cr and Hg. LPPCHEA's as a mangrove sanctuary plays a very significant role in mitigating the effects of these heavy metals within its immediate vicinities. It is also has its own unique biodiversity and serves as a pit stop or resting place of different migratory birds from Asia, Australia, and Europe. Therefore, LPPCHEA must be protected from different anthropogenic activities and insulated from politics as well as from other developmental initiatives that threatens its existence vital to the future of the place and the people. The diverse flora and fauna are dependent on the survival of the mangroves of LPPCHEA.
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