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_aBalita, Carlito E.
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_aAn introspection of the caring concepts of staff nurses of the three city hospitals in the City of Manila /
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_cprepared by Carlito E. Balita.
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_a130 pages.
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_aThesis (M.A.) -- Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Intramuros, Manila, 1996.;A thesis presented to the Graduate School of Arts, Sciences, Education, and Nursing, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Nursing.
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_aABSTRACT. Caring is the essence and the central and dominant domain in nursing and as far as caring is concerned, nurses are experts. Ironically, however, universal definition, conceptualization and standardization of caring does not exist leaving nurses experts in a field yet to be conceptualize and defined. While concepts are blueprints of cognitive, psychomotor and affective aspects of human behavior, it is also expected to provide systematic structure and rationale for nursing activities, give directions to the research for relevant questions about the profession, and provide a springboard for a standard quality of nursing care every nurse provides her individual client. Consequently, the public will accurately perceive and appreciate nursing roles. Care is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility. Though it had been considered a broad and vague concept, caring can be defined, described and conceptualize. Every staff nurse holds a mental representation (concept) of caring, and this concept which had been a product of nurse's wide experiences is expected to influence her caring behavior. Statement of purpose: The study attempts to describe caring concepts of staff nurses from three City Hospitals under the City of Manila. Specifically it answers the following questions: 1. What is the profile of staff nurses in terms of a. sex b. age c. length of service d. civil status e. number of children f. religion g. temperamental traits based on the Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey. 2. What is the caring concepts of staff nurses based on the five caring processes. a. knowing b. being with c. doing for d. enabling e. maintaining belief. 3. How will the staff nurses rank the five epistemological perspectives of caring according to Morse, namely a. Caring as a human trait b. Caring as an interpersonal relationship c. Caring as a moral imperative d. Caring as a nursing intervention e. Caring as an affect? 4. Is there a relationship between caring concepts and; a. age b. length of service c. number of children among married respondents 5. Is the caring concept dependent on the following; a. Gender b. Civil status c. Religion d. Temperamental traits: 1. General Activity 2. Restraints 3. Ascendance 4. Sociability 5. Emotional stability 6. Objectivity 7. Friendliness 8. Thoughfulness 9. Personal relations 10. Masculinity? The conceptual framework adopts that caring cannot be forced. It may be built through the luck of happy childhood; fostered through friends, family, teachers, nurtured by direct learning; crafted through application. The following null hypotheses were formulated: 1. There is no relationship between the staff nurses' caring concepts and; a. Age b. Length of service c. Number of children 2. the caring concept is not dependent on: a. Gender b. Civil status c. Religion 3. The ten temperamental factors does not significantly affect the caring concepts of staff nurses: A descriptive study was utilized in presenting the answers to the research problems. Three City Hospitals under the City of Manila were utilized as research locale. These are Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, Ospital ng Tondo and Ospital ng Sampaloc. The study population is composed of 96 staff nurses. A universal sampling was attempted but other staff nurses requested to be excused, thus only 87 nurses (91%) were able to participate in the study. The study utilized two instruments. The first is questionnaire developed from the concepts of eight distinguished authors on the subject of study. A Delphi approach analyzed and synthesized all concepts of the eight authors into five caring processes presented by Swanson. Likert scale was presented for each item. The second instrument is a standardized test, Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey Test which expected to present the ten temperamental traits of the respondent. Percentage, mean scores, coefficient of concordance using the Kendall Tau's W, Pearson r and chi-square and standard deviations were computed. The following finding were derived from the study: 1. Nursing is a female (85%) dominated profession. 2. The staff nurses are mostly, single with work experience as staff nurse of two years among the majority (55%), mostly (63%) falls at the bracket of 23-25. Only 25% are married. 3. Results of the Guilford Zimmerman presents consistently lower than expected profile among the majority of the staff nurses. A. General activity shows that 37% is at the lower bracket indicative of slow, easy fatigability and inefficient work pace. B. Restraints show that 53% is happy-go-lucky. C. Ascendance shows that 47% at the lower bracket which minimizes potential as leaders. D. Sociability shows that 52% does not like being with people. E. Some 40% falls at the lower bracket of emotional stability. F. The objectivity level of 50% is at the lower bracket. G. The friendliness of 38% falls at the lower bracket. H. 30% has low thoughtfulness. I. 44% is in the lower bracket of personal relations which is the most reliable indicator of human relations. J. 33% is in the lower bracket of masculinity. Doing for, which is defined as doing for the other as she/he would do for the self it it were possible, has been ranked first (mean=4.39160). Followed by knowing which is defined as striving to understand life's event as it has meaning in the life of another (mean=4.33160). The third is being with which signifies being emotionally present, conveying ongoing availability and sharing feeling (mean=4.28275). The fourth is enabling which means facilitating the others passage through life's transition and unusual event (mean=4.23563). And lastly, maintaining belief is ranked last which is define as sustaining faith in the other's capacity to get through an event or transition and face the future with meaning (mean=4.11839). In analysis, the staff nurses have prioritize the concepts that are more concrete, visible, directly measurable and observable. The staff nurses are inclined to give less importance on the maintaining belief concepts which are predominantly the affective domain of behavior. The caring concepts included in the questionnaire which resulted from the synthesis and analysis of the concepts of the eight authors have been accepted as far as its potential part of caring is concerned, but not caring in itself nor an indispensable part of caring. The over-all mean of 4.27 is indicative of this findings. There is a low agreement among the respondents response on the top 5 epistemological perspectives of caring. However, the ranking as follows: Caring as a human trait, caring as an effect, caring as a nursing intervention, caring as a moral imperative, and caring as an interpersonal relationship. There is no relationship between caring concepts and age, length of service and number of children. There has a been well founded mental representation (concept) of caring among staff nurses that it have withstand the numerical influences of the aforementioned variables. There is no dependency seen between caring concepts and gender. Neither was there a significant effect caused by civil status. Among the ten temperamental traits, only personal relation shows to significantly affect caring concepts of staff nurses. Caring therefore is a personal matter where a relationship is established. This caring concepts are grounded on the ability of the nurse to relate herself with others. The staff nurses are capable of compartmentalizing the cognitive and affective aspects of their personality as evidenced by the independence of caring concepts (cognitive processed) and temperament (affective level). This is evident from the independence that has been exhibited among the variables that are cognitive in nature (caring concepts) vis-a-vis variables that are affective in nature (temperament). The following recommendations are being forwarded based on the finding of the study: 1. That aspirants in all nursing schools be given adaptability test and psychological test. There is a particular suggestion that the G-Z Temperamental Survey be used, with focus on the personal relations. 2.
520 _aThat balance training be adopted and ensured by nursing schools with focus on the affective aspects. 3. That nurses periodically undergo self awareness process. 4. That nursing education focus back on the basic domain of nursing. 5. That staff nurses be reoriented on the caring domain of nursing. 6. That a theory on caring be developed to give staff nurses a theoretical foundation in nursing care. 7. That nursing training departments must design programs that will improve the personal relation of the staff nurses. 8. That the same study be done with the following consideration a. Private and provincial hospitals as locale. b. Nursing supervisors and nurses with longer nursing experience be included. c. Senior nursing students be included in the population. 9. That more studies within the subject are of caring be conducted with focus on caring behaviors and caring acts.
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