000			02777nam a22002297a 4500
003			FT8682
005			20250924162739.0
008			250924b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
041			_aengtag
050			_aTP248.13 A45 2024
082			_a.
245			_aMicrowave ave-assisted extraction (MAE) of propolis from tetragonula biroi (Philippine Kiwot Bee) hives
264		1	_aManila: _bPLM, _c2024
300			_bUndergraduate Thesis: (Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering) - Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, 2024
336			_2text _atext _btext
337			_2unmediated _aunmediated _bunmediated
338			_2 volume _a volume _b volume
505			_aABSTRACT: Propolis is a sticky, resinous substance produced by bees that contains pharmacological properties due to flavonoid content and other polyphenolic compounds. A distinct type of propolis may be derived from the Philippine kiwot bees (teragonula biroi), a native species of singles bees from the Philippines. In the present study, microwave-assisted extraction of propolis (MAE) from Philippine kiwot bees was accomplished with ethanol as the solvent and with varying extraction parameters, such as solvent-to-sample ratio (5 mL/g, and 15 mL/g), solvent concentration (35% v/v, 65% v/v, and 95% v/v), and extraction time (60 s, 180 s, and 300 s), to determine their effects on the yield and the phenolic and flavonoid contents. In this study, propolis was extracted using MAE, then concentrated using a rotary evaporator, and freeze dried. Afterwards, the phenolic content was determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the flavonoid content was identified through the formation of complexes with aluminum chloride in a methanol solution. Interactions between solvent-to-sample ratio and solvent concentration was determined to significantly affect the propolis extract yield, while the extraction time has no significant effect on the yield. Results show that using M.A.E with ethanol as solvent successfully extracted propolis. It was found that lower solvent-to-sample ratios with increasing solvent concentration resulted in higher yields. On the other hand, high solvent concentrations with increasing solvent-to-sample ratio decreases the yield. The highest yield (0.144 g/g) was obtained with 5 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio, 95% v/v solvent concentration, and 300 s extraction time, while the highest phenolic content (180.145 mg GAE/g propolis) was observed with 5 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio, 95% v/v solvent concentration, and 60 s extraction time. In comparison, the highest flavonoid content (124.190 mg QE/g propolis) was determined with a 10 mL/g solvent-to-sample ratio, 35% v/v solvent concentration, and 180 s extraction time.
526			_aF
655			_2.
942			_2lcc _cMS
999			_c36826 _d36826