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_a _aGabriel L. Kaplan and U.S. Involvement in Philippine Electoral Democracy: A Tale of Two Democracies _d _b _n _c _h6 _p |
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_3 _3 _aAteneo de Manila University _d _b _c46 |
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_a _aABSTRACT : Asking why Gabriel L. Kaplan, a New York Republican politician-turned CIA agent, could have been so successfully involved in Philippine politics in the 1950s, this article explores colonial/postcolonial encounters between electoral democracies in the United States and the Philippines. Emphasis is laid not only on similarities between the two countries in terms of their election laws, but also on progressive notions that are si- multaneously introduced in the United States and the Philippines in the hope of cutting off relationships between political bosses anh the elector- ate via the secret ballot. The article also deals w'th a pattern of colonial/ postcolonial American oficials' reliance on emerging new elites and criticism of traditional political elites. _d _b _c56 |
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_x _x _aDemocracy;Political elites _d _b _zSecret ballot _yElection Fraud _2sears;sears0 _v |
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_i _i _t _c _b _s1 _q _f _k40 _p _d _e _aNakano Satoshi _l _n6 |
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_a _aPhilippine Studies 52 (2) : 2004. pp. 149-178 _d _g _m _t _b _v _i _p |
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